Bedeviled

A groundbreaking study of jinn doppelgangers and the problem of evil in Akbarian Sufism. Ghouls, ifrits, and a panoply of other jinn have long haunted Muslim cultures and societies. These also include jinn doppelgangers (qarin, pl. quranä), the little-studied and much-feared denizens of the hearts and blood of humans. This book seeks out jinn doppelgangers in the Islamic normative tradition, philosophy, folklore, and Sufi literature, with special emphasis on Akbarian Sufism. Mu¿yi al-Din Ibn ¿Arabi (d. 1240) wrote on jinn in substantial detail, uncovering the physiognomy, culture, and behavior of this unseen species. Akbarians believed that the good God assigned each human with an evil doppelganger. Ibn ¿Arabi‘s reasoning as to why this was the case mirrors his attempts to expound the problem of evil in Islamic religious philosophy. No other Sufi, Ibn ¿Arabi claimed, ever managed to get to the heart of this matter before him. As well as offering the reader knowledge and safety from evil, Ibn ¿Arabi‘s writings on jinnealogy tackle the even larger issues of spiritual ascension, predestination, and the human relationship to the Divine.